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Especially for Teachers - About English
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| Semi-Phonetic • Letters are used to represent sounds in words • Partial phonetic mapping • Often begin with consonant • Often use letter names • Represents whole word with one, two or three letters |
Phonetic • Letters are chosen on basis of sound rather than visual patterns • Represents all substantial sounds in a word • Short vowels often incorrect • Often omit 'm' and 'n' (nasal sounds) • -ed ending often spelled in three different ways(-ed, -d, -t) • tend to omit the vowel when the syllable has a consonant that carries the vowel sound |
Transitional • Insight that one must disassociate written language from spoken language (must write not only what English sounds like, but also what English looks like) • Vowels appear in every syllable • Nasals before consonants • Use of vowel digraphs • -vCe over-used • move from phonological spelling to visual+morphemic spelling |
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| allowed girls eagle Humpty Dumpty duck you am |
ald giz E HMT DPD dek U M |
this boys picture hope eat eighty bank cut atom drag |
tas baz pichr hop et ate bak cot atm jrag |
this boys want fried chicken eighty bank soup loves little |
theis bois wont fride cheken eightee bangk supe luves littel |
Key differences between each phase
Realisation that there is a relationship between letters and sounds. Students tend to spell by sound, often using consonants. At this stage, teachers should ensure that phonetic strategies are taught.
Phonetic
phase
Students write one letter or letter cluster for every sound in a
word. Teachers should ensure that visual
strategies
are included in the program.
Beginning to use visual memory eg mayk, maik, make. Students have learned about letter patterns but often use them incorrectly. At this stage, visual strategies and morphemic strategies should form the major part of the teaching program.
Six
spelling principles
Stages of spelling development
• Activities for pre-communicative and semi-phonetic spellers
• Activities for semi-phonetic and phonetic spellers
• Activities for transitional and conventional spellers #9; #9;
Spelling
strategies - #9; #9;
•
Strategies for solving words
• Strategies for learning new words
• Phonetic strategies
• Visual strategies
• Morphemic strategies
• Reference to authority
• Connection strategies
• Memory joggers/gimmicks/mnemonics
Monitoring
spelling -
• Spelling analysis
• Developmental spelling test
Implementing
spelling -
•
Word walls
• Spelling journals and individual
spelling lists
• Through literature
• Proofreading
